Flame retardant

Flame retardant is a kind of additive which can prevent the ignition of polymer materials or inhibit the flame propagation. Common and important flame retardants are compounds of phosphorus, bromine, chlorine, antimony and aluminum. Flame retardants can be divided into additive type and reactive type. The additive flame retardants mainly include phosphate ester, halogenated hydrocarbon and antimony oxide. They are mixed into the composite during the processing of composite materials. They are easy to use and have a wide range of applications, but they have an impact on the properties of the composite materials. Reactive flame retardant is a kind of monomer material added into the polymerization system in the process of polymer preparation, which is compounded to the polymer molecular chain through chemical reaction. Therefore, it has little effect on the properties of the composite and has a long flame retardancy. Reactive flame retardants mainly include phosphorus containing polyols and halogenated anhydrides.

The flame retardants used in composite materials should have the following properties: 1) high flame retardant efficiency, which can give the composite good self extinguishing or flame retardant properties; 2) it has good compatibility with the composite materials and is easy to disperse; 3) it has a suitable decomposition temperature, that is, it does not decompose at the processing temperature of the composite, but can decompose rapidly when the composite is decomposed by heating The results show that the flame retardant effect is not toxic or low toxic, odorless and pollution-free, and no toxic gas is produced in the process of flame retardant; 4) when used with composite materials, the mechanical properties, electrical properties, weather resistance and thermal deformation temperature of the composite materials will not be reduced; 5) good durability, which can be retained in the composite products for a long time to play its flame retardant role; and (7) the source is wide and the price is low.

(1) Brominated flame retardants Brominated flame retardants include aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic and aromatic aliphatic brominated compounds. This kind of flame retardant has high flame retardant efficiency, and its flame retardant effect is twice as much as that of chlorodi flame retardant. The relative amount of brominated flame retardant has little effect on the mechanical properties of the composite, and can significantly reduce the content of hydrogen halide in the gas. Moreover, this kind of flame retardant has good compatibility with the matrix resin Under harsh conditions, there is no ejection phenomenon.

(2) Chlorine based flame retardants are still widely used because of their low cost. Chlorinated paraffin with high chlorine content is an important flame retardant in industry. Due to its poor thermal stability, it is only suitable for composites with processing temperature lower than 200 ℃. Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons and tetrachloro phthalic anhydride have high thermal stability and are commonly used as flame retardants for unsaturated resins.

(3) Phosphorus based flame retardants and organic phosphates are additive flame retardants. Metaphosphoric acid produced by these flame retardants can form a stable polymer and cover the surface of composite materials to isolate oxygen and combustible materials. Their flame retardant effect is better than that of bromide. To achieve the same flame retardant effect, the amount of bromide is 4-7 times of that of phosphide. This kind of flame retardants mainly include phosphonate ester, halogenated phosphate ester and halogenated phosphorus, etc., which are widely used in epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyester, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS, etc.

(4) Inorganic flame retardant inorganic flame retardant is a kind of flame retardant according to its chemical structure, including antimony oxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and zinc borate.

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